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- | ~~Title: Land Navigation~~ | ||
- | ===== LAND NAVIGATION(WIP) ===== | ||
- | By: Thendash | ||
- | ==== PREFACE ==== | ||
- | 'Land Navigation' aims to instruct members on performing basic land navigation duties. The author of this document does not recommend that a | ||
- | reader attempt to use the techniques described henceforth in real life situations and as such you do so at your own risk. | ||
- | |||
- | ==== SCOPE ==== | ||
- | This guide contains information on map reading and land navigation techniques, primarily as they pertain to ArmA. | ||
- | |||
- | ===== MAP READING ===== | ||
- | ==== INTRODUCTION ==== | ||
- | Maps provide information on the existence, location of, and the distance between ground features. It also indicates variations in terrain, | ||
- | heights of natural features, and the extent of vegetation cover. They will be your primary tool in use during land navigation and therefore | ||
- | you must be familiar with all aspects of a map and how to read them. | ||
- | |||
- | ==== TYPE ==== | ||
- | The map used in ARMA 3 is a variable scale, topographic map using a simplified MGRS(Military Grid Reference System). Compared to real life | ||
- | maps, the ARMA map differs in a few ways, primarily: | ||
- | - No difference between magnetic North and true North. | ||
- | - No magnetic declination to account for. | ||
- | - No grid zone designator to account for. | ||
- | |||
- | ==== SYMBOLS AND MARGINAL INFORMATION ==== | ||
- | **Margin** | ||
- | |||
- | The only marginal information on the ARMA 3 map, is scale and contour line distance. | ||
- | |||
- | **Symbols** | ||
- | |||
- | {{ :guides:legend-for-arma-3-map.gif?direct&300|Click to view full size}} | ||
- | |||
- | Because it is often not practical to show certain objects at scale on a map, or because more information than just the shape and size of | ||
- | an object is required, symbols are commonly displayed on the map. | ||
- | |||
- | Common symbols seen on the ARMA map are categorized into two categories, **man made objects** and **natural objects**. | ||
- | |||
- | Symbols representing **man made objects** include: | ||
- | - Primary Paved Roads(MSR) | ||
- | - Paved Roads(ASR) | ||
- | - Dirt Roads | ||
- | - Foot Paths | ||
- | - Town and City Centers | ||
- | - Buildings and Walls | ||
- | - Prominent Vertical Structures(Antenna, Wind Generator, Lighthouse, etc) | ||
- | - Runways and Airports | ||
- | |||
- | Symbols representing **natural objects** include: | ||
- | - Contour and Elevation | ||
- | - Mountain Peaks | ||
- | - Water Features | ||
- | - Forested Areas | ||
- | - Brush | ||
- | |||
- | ==== GRIDS ==== | ||
- | Reading a grid reference is essential to locating and communicating positions in the world onto a map. | ||
- | |||
- | **Precision** | ||
- | |||
- | The map is divided into equally sized grid squares, and the intersecting lines are numbered both vertically(Eastings) and | ||
- | horizontally(Northings). Each digit of a grid reference represents one decimal place, starting at 10 km with the two digit grid reference. | ||
- | - **10 km** square: **2 digit** reference | ||
- | - **1 km** square: **4 digit** reference | ||
- | - **100 m** square: **6 digit** reference | ||
- | - **10 m** square: **8 digit** reference | ||
- | - **1 m** square: **10 digit** reference | ||
- | |||
- | **Reading a grid** | ||
- | {{ :guides:gridref.png?direct&300|Click to view full size}} | ||
- | |||
- | It is easy to read 2, 4, and 6 digit grid references from the ARMA map because the map scales as you zoom in and out, but you can read a | ||
- | more precise grid reference using either map tools or estimation. Either way, the steps remain the same: | ||
- | - Read **LEFT TO RIGHT** first | ||
- | - Read **BOTTOM TO TOP** second | ||
- | - Combine the two readings together to create the grid reference. | ||
- | |||
- | These steps can be remembered by the mnemonic, **‘RIGHT in the house, UP the stairs’** | ||
- | |||
- | ==== ELEVATION ==== | ||
- | **Contour Lines** | ||
- | |||
- | Elevation on the map is represented by contour lines. ARMA uses two types of contour lines: | ||
- | - **Index Lines:** Starting at sea level, every fifth contour line is considered an Index Line and is shown in red on the map. | ||
- | - **Intermediate Lines:** All contour lines between the index lines are considered intermediate lines and are spaced at the current contour interval. | ||
- | |||
- | **Contour Interval** | ||
- | |||
- | You can find the ‘contour interval’ in the bottom right margin on the ARMA map. The contour interval represents the vertical distance | ||
- | between any two adjacent contour lines at the current map scale. Thus, the closer the contour lines are grouped, the steeper the slope is | ||
- | because more vertical distance is covered in a shorter horizontal distance. | ||
- | |||
- | Contour lines never intersect because any point on a contour line is at the same elevation above or below sea level. | ||
- | |||
- | ===== EQUIPMENT ===== | ||
- | ==== COMPASS ==== | ||
- | {{ :guides:compass.png?direct&300|Click to view full size}} | ||
- | |||
- | The compass is a tool used to measure direction. The version modeled in ARMA is a lensatic compass with both degree and milliradian | ||
- | markings. | ||
- | |||
- | **Measuring Direction** | ||
- | |||
- | Typically we measure direction either generally using the cardinal directions, or more precise using degrees. Mils are not often used in | ||
- | ARMA. | ||
- | - **Cardinal Direction:** The four cardinal directions are displayed on the center of the compass ring and allow for quick reference of general direction. | ||
- | - **Bearing Degrees:** The inner ring of the compass shows degrees printed every ten degrees and a hash mark every five degrees. There are 360 degrees. | ||
- | - **Bearing Mils:** The outer ring of the compass shows mils printed every 200 mils, large hash mark every 100 mils, and a small hash mark every 20 mils. There are 6400 mils. | ||
- | |||
- | ==== MAP TOOLS ==== | ||
- | The ACE3 MapTool is currently broken. | ||
- | |||
- | ==== DAGR ==== | ||
- | |||
- | ===== NAVIGATION TECHNIQUES ===== |